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OTHER SOCIAL SERVICES
LABOUR WELFARE
Gorakhpur is one of the seven regions into which the State has been divided for the administration of the labour laws and for the implementations of labour welfare schemes. The enforcement of labour laws in the district is looked after by eight labour inspectors, one welfare inspector, one assistant trade union inspector and a chief investigator under the over- all charge of the regional assistant labour commissioner with headquarters at Gorakhpur. There is also a regional conciliation officer to assist him in conciliation work under the provisions of the U.P. industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Broadly speaking, the socio-economic problems of labourers to working conditions, wages, industrial relations, trade unions, social security and living conditions outside the place of work.
There are 72 registered industrial units in the district, including 5 sugar factories, one railway unit, one fertilizer unit, one jute mill, 2 distilleries and 2 engineering units. The total labour strength in these units is about 20,000. The Government has taken legislative measures to benefit and protect the interest of labourers and their families. The important labour laws operating in the district are briefly discussed below:
The worker's
Compensation Act, 1923- According to this Act, payment of compensation
in case of death or injury caused to a workman in the course of his employment or as a
direct result thereof and also if he contacts a disease rendering him incapable of work as
a result of his occupation is incumbent upon an employer. The collector, Gorakhpur, is the
ex-officio compensation commissioner under the Act and determines the amount of
compensation payable to a workman or his family. The amount of compensation paid from 1969
to 1973 to the dependents of workers killed in accidents is as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year No.of fatal
Amount of
compensation
cases
paid (in Rs.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1969
9
54,210
1970
9
47,058
1971
7
41,800
1972
6
43,305
1973
8
51,661
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Indian Boiler's Act, 1923 :- This Act provides for the registration, transfer and inspection of boilers. It prohibits use of unregistered or uncertified boilers. The district labour inspector enforces the law under the overall control and supervision of the inspector of boilers and factories who has his headquarters at Kanpur.
The Indian Trade Union Act, 1926 :- The Act provides for the registration, suspension and cancellation of trade unions. It empowers the registrar of trade unions, Kanpur, to check the activities of the unions to scrutinize their working and to obtain returns. He and his subordinates guide the trade unions, watch the interests of 'protected workmen' i.e. those officers of registered trade unions who are entitled to certain privileges in respect of service matters including dismissal or discharge from service and other punishments.
The trade unions are corporate bodies which work for the interest of their members and aim at furthering good relations between employers and employees. They strive to improve the economic, moral and social conditions of the labourers and ensure payment of fair wages and provision of healthy living and working conditions and proper medical and educational facilities for their children by the employers.
The Employment of Children Act, 1938 :- The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in workshops and small scale industries manufacturing bidis, carpets, cement, soap, matches, explosive and fireworks or printing, dyeing and weaving cloth or where mica is cut and split, hides are tanned and wood is planked etc. It also prohibits the employment of children below the age of 15 years in any occupation connected with the transport of passengers, goods or mail.
The U.P. Maternity Benefits Act, 1938 :- This Act provides for payment of cash benefits and compulsory period of rest to women workers for specified periods.
The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 :- The Act is applicable to factories and industrial establishments employing hundred workers or more. The Act regulates the workers' conditions of service e.g. leave, absence, late coming and provides for the supply of drinking water, industrial safety, rest, etc. It requires employers to frame standing orders laying down the terms and conditions of employment which are duly certified by the labour commissioner. Disputes between workers and employers are settled by the regional conciliation officer and the assistant labour commissioner by negotiation, failing which the regional conciliation board decides the case or sends a report to the government.
The labour inspector ensure the implementation of the law. The employer concerned is liable to prosecution for contravention of its provisions. In 1972-73 there were 145 cases of contravention of the provisions of the labour law.
The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (Act XIV of 1947) and the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (U.P. Act XXVIII of 1947) provides for the settlement of industrial disputes and prevention of lock-outs and strikes. The regional conciliation board first tries to settle the dispute through persuasion and mediation. In case of failure, the dispute is referred to the adjudication machinery in the labour court or the industrial tribunal. Under these Acts the labour inspector is required to conduct inquiries and implement the awards given by the labour court and the industrial tribunal.
The Factories Act, 1948 :- This Act seeks to regulate the working conditions in factories, e.g. fixation of hours of work, leave and wages, safeguards against health hazards, welfare measures like first aid, canteen, supply of cool drinking-water, creches, etc. Every factory employing more than 500 workers is required to have a welfare officer who functions as a liasion officer between the workers and the management and looks after the welfare work in general. Under this Act 235 inspections were made in the year 1972-73 and 41 cases were prosecuted.
The employees' State
Insurance Act, 1948 (Act XXXIV of 1948) :- The Employee's State
Insurance scheme has been enforced in the district with effect from November 26, 1970.
This Act provides certain benefits to employees particularly security to industrial
workers against risks of sickness, disablement and injuries sustained during employment.
It also gives cash benefits to female workers during maternity periods. It applies to all
the factories working with power and employing 20 or more persons. The insured workers and
the members or their families receive free medical treatment at the employees' state
insurance dispensaries, care and attention during confinement in maternity cases and
preventive treatment like vaccination inoculation, X-ray, etc. The two dispensaries at
Gorakhpur and Sahjanwa attended to 5200 and 1900 patients, respectively in 1972-73, when
113 injured and disabled persons and 53 dependents of the employees were provided under
this scheme.
Act covers 34 factories in the district and 8000 workers stood insured with total premium
of Rs. 90,225 paid in 1973-74.
The Minimum Wages Act 1948 :- This Act authorize the State Government to provide for the fixation of maximum working hours, weekly holiday, minimum time-rate, a minimum price-rate, a guaranteed time-rate and overtime rate for different occupations, localities or classes of workers in industries and agriculture. In 1972-73 there were 1754 cases of contravention of this law out of which 111 were prosecuted.
The Working Journalists (Fixation of Rates of Wages) Act, 1958 :- This Act provides for the constitution of a committee which recommends to the Union Government the rates of wages for the working journalists whether by way of modification of the decision of the wage board or otherwise.
The U.P. Industrial establishments (National Holidays) Act 1961 :- This applies to factories and establishments registered under the Factories Act, 1948. It allows national holidays viz.: Independence Day, Gandhi Jayanti and Republic Day to workers on full wages.
The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 :- It applies to all transport companies employing five or more persons. Under this Act, the companies and undertaking have to be registered and provide for recreation, rest-rooms, canteens, liveries, medical aid, daily and weekly rest periods and leave and holidays for their workers. The employment of children below the age of 15 years is prohibited under the Act and boys above that are employed only on certificate of fitness from a medical authority.
The Uttar Pradesh Dookan Evam Vanijya Adhisthan Adhiniyam, 1962 :- This Act replaced the U.P. Shops and Commercial Establishments Act, 1947, in December, 1962. It is applicable to workers in shops and commercial establishments. It regulates their hours work, weekly close days, leave, payment of wages and other conditions of service.
The following statement gives the cases of default
detected and their disposal during the last five years :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Number of Cases
prosecuted Cases
Penalty imposed
inspections
decided
(in Rs.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1969 5785
72
66 2545
1970 8151
173
128
4564
1971 8028
174
222
11464
1972 5928
249
191
12760
1973 4272
278
184
20325
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LABOUR WELFARE CENTRES
There are two labour welfare centres established in 1959 and 1958 at Mohaddipur and Alinagar respectively. A welfare superintendent is incharge of the centre and is responsible for its day to day activities. The staff at the centre includes a medical officer, a compounder, a midwife, a welfare assistant and a sewing teacher. The centre's activities consist of cultural programmes, sewing and tailoring classes, indoor and out-door games and functions for education and entertainment of the workers and their families.
OLDAGE PENSION
The oldage pension scheme was introduced in the district on December 1, 1957 to provide help to destitute aged 70 years or more having no means of subsistence whatever and devoid relations bound by custom or usage to support them. It's scope was liberalized in February, 1962 when the definition was extended to include persons with a monthly income of Rs 10 and the age of eligibility was reduced to 65 years. In 1965, a person with a monthly income of Rs 15 was also included in the definition of destitute, and the age of eligibility in the cases of widows, the crippled or the physically infirmed, rendered totally, incapable of earning a living was reduced from 65 to 60 years. The amount of monthly pension was also increased from Rs 15 to Rs 20. The scheme has further been liberalized since January 1972 and the rate of monthly pension has been raised to Rs 30. The benefits of this scheme are not available to beggars, mendicants and inmates of poor houses.
The pension is sanctioned by the labour commissioner
after verification of particulars and on the recommendation of the district officer. The
following statement gives the number of recipients on December 31, 1971.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tahsil
Number of Pensioners
----------------------------------------------------
Men
Women
Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bansgaon
82
63
145
Gorakhpur
105
93
198
Maharajganj
18
17
35
Pharenda
73
56
129
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
278
229
507
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROHIBITION
In pursuance of State Government, policy discourage use of intoxicants by the people a prohibition publicity and social uplift organisation was set up in the district in 1947. Prohibition was scraped in the State on December 1, 1962 as a step to increase the State revenues and to discourage illicit manufacture and sale of liquor. There is a prohibition and uplift committee in the district, with the district magistrate as its president. Members all legislators of the district, presidents and chairman of all local bodies, president of the district bar association, several officers who have wide public dealings and also some nominated members. The purpose of committee is to determine ways and means for minimizing the use of wines. A pracharak has been appointed for this purpose. This committee tries to educate people against the hazards of drinking by organizing meetings, distribution of pamphlets, film shows, etc.
ADVANCEMENT OF THE SCHEDULED CASTES AND OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES
Members of the Scheduled Castes who were considered as belonging to the depressed Classes during the British rule, have been mostly out-castes of the local society, Social workers have always striven to better their lot, but the alien government took little interest in their welfare. A half-hearted beginning was made in 1930 when a scheme was formulated for award of stipends belonging to the Scheduled Castes. However, it was only with the advent of Independence that concrete steps were taken for the amelioration of their lot, and in 1947 the U.P. Removal of Social Disabilities Act was passed which ensured to the members of such castes the unrestricted enjoyment of social and religious liberties. The untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955, came into force in the State in June 1955. It has rendered practice of untouchabilty an offence punishable under the Act. It repealed the corresponding State Act of 1947. The State Government also threw open all avenues of employment to members of the Scheduled Castes and major steps were taken for their adequate representation in services.
In 1944, the upper age limit for recruitment of
Scheduled Caste candidates to civil posts was relaxed up to 3 years over the prescribed
limit. In 1953, the reservation for Scheduled Castes in government services was further
raised from 10 to 18 percent. In 1955, the upper age limit for Scheduled Castes was raised
up to 5 years for gazetted posts as had already been non-gazetted posts in 1952.
Government keep a watch over the progress in recruitment of the Scheduled Caste candidates
to various posts and have time and again, emphasised that the prescribed percentage for
filling the posts by Scheduled Castes candidates must be achieved. The Scheduled Castes
candidates are given concession in application and examination fees while applying for any
post. A voluntary organisation known as the Harijan Sewak Sangh runs three hostels for
theScheduled Castes students in the district. The expenditure incurred on scholarship,
news paper etc., is borne by the Harijan and social welfare department. The government
also grant advances and loans to members of the Scheduled Castes for various purposes,
such as, agriculture, industries, construction of houses, sinking or boring of wells, etc.
The following statement gives the amount of grants advanced under various schemes during
the last three years :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scheme
Amount in
Rupees
--------------------------------------------------
1971-72 1972-73
1973-74
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Construction and repair of houses 60800
56000
90800
Development of Cottage Industries 25000
62000
61000
Drinking water scheme
32000
86000
---
Development of Agriculture
29500
41500 43000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
147300
245500
194800
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free education to all Scheduled Caste students is guaranteed upto the university stage.
For this purpose, government disburses liberal stipends and scholarships to all students
belonging to the Scheduled Castes.
In 1950, the State Harijan Sahavak Department was set up to formulate and implements scheme for the welfare of numbers of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward classes and criminal Tribes (later known as de-notified tribes). In 1957 a District Harijan Welfare Officer was posted in the district whose designation was changed to Harijan and social welfare officer in 1961, when the Harijan Sahayak and social welfare departments were integrated. His main functions are to watch the interests of the members of the Scheduled Castes and implement the schemes formulated by the government for their welfare and for amelioration of their lot.
CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS
The following two trusts administered by different
agencies are continuing in the district:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of Trust
Date of
Property
establishment endowed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Rodes Dharamshalas Trust, Aldopur
9.12.1893 Rs.
1500
Rai Durga Prasad Bahadur Poor
31.08.1901
Immovable
House Bequest
Property Only
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUSLIM TRUST
The following sunni waqfs (trust) in the district are registered with the U.P. Sunni Central Board of waqfs :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1973-74
Name of waqf Date of
Founder
Annual income Objectives
Foundation
(in Rs.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imam Bara
1797-98 Shah Alam
Nadir 107773
Charitable
Shah Gazi
Haji Rasoo Baksh 9.12.1929
Abdul Ali and
15254
''
and other
others
Waqf K.B.Molvi 17.03.1941
K.M.Molvi
12056
''
Hameed Ullah
Hameed Ullah
Waqf Molvi Abdul waqf by user
-
6834
''
Razzaq
Sheikh jhaoo
15.09.1896 Sheikh
Jhaoo 4731
''
Masjid Babar Ali waqf by user
Shah Raknuddin 4126
''
Waqf Jama Masjid waqf by user
K.B.Hameedullah 3805
''
and other
Sheikh Abdul Shakoor 5.6.1917 Mohd.
Shakoor 2662
''
and Rahman Qassab
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is only one Shia waqf in the district given below registered with the Shia Central
Board of waqfs.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual Objectives
Date of
Amount
of income
Name of waqf Foundation Founder Investment
(in Rs.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
waqf Ashra- 07.02.1900
Mst.Ashra No cash
1300
Part of the
funnisa Begam
funnisa only
income to be
Begam property
spent on
Saheba endowed
Azadari in
Moharram and
the rest to
spent on
Family members
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WELFARE OF EX-SERVICEMEN
For the welfare of ex-servicemen there is a district soldiers', sailors', and airmen's board in the district, established in April, 1943. It works under the control and supervision of director, soldiers welfare, U.P. The work of board in the district is supervised by a secretary who is a paid employee and an ex-servicemen. The Board as else where provides various facilities to ex-servicemen and their families and assists in their rehabilitation. These facilities include pensions, scholarships, relief grants, employment of accounts permits for controlled commodities, settlement of disputed cases, etc.
The following statement gives the number of
ex-servicemen or their dependents who were provided with such help facilities
assistance (in Rs) and other benefits in the district from 1969-70 to 1973-74 :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grant
of stipend/ Land allotment
Year Charitable Grant of
book aid to the
grants
stipend
beneficiaries of
China
and Pak Wars
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
219
121
43
1969-70 (Rs. 11915) (Rs. 15372)
(Rs. 2922)
--
87
118
23
1970-71 (Rs. 9763) (Rs. 13644)
(Rs. 1935)
235
31
101
39
1971-72 (Rs. 11690) (Rs. 11604)
(Rs. 1191)
--
29
122
71
1972-73 (Rs. 6870) (Rs. 14582)
(Rs. 4567)
--
47
89
73
1973-74 (Rs. 8851) (Rs. 10728)
(Rs. 4284)
199
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National awards for outstanding gallantry were
given to the following 2 persons of the district till 1973-74 :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of Recipient Village and Tahsil Name
of National awards
with rank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Major D.N. Singh Village Majgawan
Vir Chakra
Tahsil Bansgaon
Fl.Lt. R.S.Wahi C-10
R.N.Colony
Vir Chakra
Mohaddipur (Gorakhpur)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------